Conservation of Bio synthetic pheromone pathways in honeybees Apis

Social insects use complex chemical communication systems to govern many aspects of their life. We studied chemical changes in Dufours gland secretions associated with ovary development in several genotypes of honeybees. We found that C28–C38 esters were associated only with cavity nesting honeybee queens, while the alcohol eicosenol was associated only with their non-laying workers. In contrast, both egg-laying anarchistic workers and all parasitic Cape workers from queenright colonies showed the typical queen pattern (i.e. esters present and eicosenol absent), while egg-laying wild-type and anarchistic workers in queenless colonies showed an intermediate pattern, producing both esters and eicosenol but at intermediate levels. Furthermore, neither esters nor eicosenol were found in aerial nesting honeybee species. Both esters and eicosenol are biosynthetically similar compounds since both are recognizable products of fatty acid biosynthesis. Therefore, we propose that in honeybees the biosynthesis of esters and eicosenol in the Dufours gland is caste-regulated and this pathway has been conserved over evolutionary time.     

Transformation of Organic Matter of the Larch Forest Soils in the Northern Taiga of Nizhne-Tungusskoe Plateau, Central Siberia

The evaluation of biospheric role of the boreal forests in the accumulation of carbon is connected with the evaluation of organic matter (OM) pool in soils. The research sites were larch forests, they are situated on Nizhne-Tungusskoe Plateau. Larch forests of feather-moss and lichen types (110 and 380 years old) were formed on 'ochric podbur' soils. Litter stocks are 3.5–4.5 kg m^{− 2} with thickness 10–25 cm. Cryomezomorphic northern taiga soils contains 38–73 t (carbon) ha^{− 1}. Pool of fast mineralized OM has average value 38.1 t (carbon) ha^{− 1}, including 20.5 and 6.4 t (Carbon) ha^{− 1} of labile compounds on surface and in the soil, and 11.2 t (carbon) ha^{− 1} of mobile OM. Microbial mass reaches 1.78–3.47 t (carbon) ha^{− 1}, its proportion is 3.6–4.9% of the total OM carbon. Zoomass of feather-moss larch forest is 0.20–0.61 * 10^{− 2}, in lichen larch forest −0.01–0.07 * 10^{− 2} t (carbon) ha^{− 1}. A pool of resistant to biological decomposition and bonded to mineral soil matrix OM is 17.7 t (carbon) ha^{− 1} and it varies from 18.6 to 29.0 in feather-moss larch forest, and from 6.4 to 17.0 t (carbon) ha^{− 1} in lichen larch forest. Two-years field experiment has been performed to determine transformation rates of various plant litter fractions and to clarify the role of soil biota in these processes. The results showed participation of all biota groups in the decomposition of plant residues caused weight loss of larch-needles and root mortmass. Isolation of organic matter from all-size invertebrate groups leads to some decrease of decomposition activity.     

销毁遗弃化学武器的环境风险评价方法研究

为履行《禁止化学武器公约》，各缔约国销毁化学武器的工作已启动。根据当前世界上化学武器的销毁情况，并针对二战期间在中国遗弃的化学武器的特点，给出了一套适应化学武器销毁流程的环境风险评价方法和技术。这套方法对将在我国进行的销毁遗弃化学武器风险评价工作有一定的实际意义。     

塑料和橡胶类废物的热物理与焚烧特性研究的进展

随着社会和科技的发展，塑料和橡胶废弃量与日俱增，已成为城市垃圾的重要组成，由于这类废弃的聚合物给环境带来了污染问题，怎样合理地处理和利用已经成为一项重要的研究课题，本文对塑料和橡胶类的废物的理化性质，热值，焚烧特性，污染特性进行了论述，并根据它们的热物理及焚烧特性提出了进一步优化废物焚烧炉，完善低污染，低腐蚀，低粘结的废弃物的焚烧工艺的一些设想。     

论中国金矿床成矿时代特点

中国金矿床成矿时代特点可以概括为“一老一新成矿 ,东西南北有别”。“一老一新成矿”表现为主要成矿时代为早元古代 (2 6 0 0～ 14 0 0Ma)和中生代 (部分晚古生代 30 0～ 10 0Ma) ,且中生代形成的金矿床所占的比例更大。“南北有别”表现为 :我国早期成矿作用在扬子地块和华南地区主要以中元古代 (180 0～ 14 0 0Ma)为主 ,而华北地区以早元古代 (2 6 0 0～ 180 0Ma)为主 ,甚至存在晚太古代的金矿床 ;我国晚期成矿作用在华南地区以印支期—燕山早期为主 (如海南—粤西地区为 2 30～ 190Ma) ,在华北、胶东地区为燕山中晚期 (14 0～10 0Ma)。“东西有别”表现为我国东部地区中生代是金矿床成矿的最重要时期 ,而西部地区晚古生代是金矿床成矿的重要时期 (以北山、天山和北疆地区最明显 ,成矿年龄以 30 0～ 2 30Ma为主 )。同时 ,我国的金矿床普遍具有“成矿物质来源老 ,矿床定位年龄新”、“多期成矿作用叠加明显”和以“岩浆热液型为主”的特征。上述特征是受中国独特的大地构造及其演化历史所控制的。